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openssl(1ssl)
NAME
openssl - OpenSSL command line tool
SYNOPSIS
openssl command [command_opts] [command_args] [] [] [] [] [] []
openssl [list-standard-commands | list-message-digest-commands| list-
cipher-commands]
openssl no-XXX [arbitrary options]
COMMAND SUMMARY
The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands, each of which
often has a wealth of options and arguments.
The pseudo-commands list-standard-commands, list-message-digest-commands,
and list-cipher-commands output a list (one entry per line) of the names of
all standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
respectively, that are available in the present openssl utility.
The pseudo-command no-XXX tests whether a command of the specified name is
available. If no command named XXX exists, it returns 0 (success) and
prints no-XXX; otherwise it returns 1 and prints XXX. In both cases, the
output goes to stdout and nothing is printed to stderr. Additional command
line arguments are always ignored. Since for each cipher there is a
command of the same name, this provides an easy way for shell scripts to
test for the availability of ciphers in the openssl program. (The no-XXX
command is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as quit, list-
...-commands, or no-XXX itself.)
STANDARD COMMANDS
asn1parse
Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
ca Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
ciphers Cipher Suite Description Determination.
crl Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
crl2pkcs7
CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
dgst Message Digest Calculation.
dh Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. Obsoleted by dhparam.
dsa DSA Data Management.
dsaparam
DSA Parameter Generation.
enc Encoding with Ciphers.
errstr Error Number to Error String Conversion.
dhparam Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters.
gendh Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Obsoleted by dhparam.
gendsa Generation of DSA Parameters.
genrsa Generation of RSA Parameters.
passwd Generation of hashed passwords.
pkcs12 PKCS#12 Data Management.
pkcs7 PKCS#7 Data Management.
rand Generate pseudo-random bytes.
req X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
rsa RSA Data Management.
rsautl RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption.
s_client
Implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a
transparent connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It is
intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary
interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.
s_server
This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections
from remote clients speaking SSL/TLS. It is intended for testing
purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality
but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl
library. It provides both an own command line oriented protocol
for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response facility to
emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
s_time SSL Connection Timer.
sess_id SSL Session Data Management.
smime S/MIME mail processing.
speed Algorithm Speed Measurement.
verify X.509 Certificate Verification.
version OpenSSL Version Information.
x509 X.509 Certificate Data Management.
MESSAGE DIGEST COMMANDS
md2 MD2 Digest
md5 MD5 Digest
mdc2 MDC2 Digest
rmd160 RMD-160 Digest
sha SHA Digest
sha1 SHA-1 Digest
ENCODING AND CIPHER COMMANDS
base64 Base64 Encoding
bf bf-cbc bf-cfb bf-ecb bf-ofb
Blowfish Cipher
cast cast-cbc
CAST Cipher
cast5-cbc cast5-cfb cast5-ecb cast5-ofb
CAST5 Cipher
ofb
des des-cbc des-cfb des-ecb des-ede des-ede-cbc des-ede-cfb des-
ede-ofb des-
DES Cipher
des3 desx des-ede3 des-ede3-cbc des-ede3-cfb des-ede3-ofb
Triple-DES Cipher
idea idea-cbc idea-cfb idea-ecb idea-ofb
IDEA Cipher
rc2 rc2-cbc rc2-cfb rc2-ecb rc2-ofb
RC2 Cipher
rc4 RC4 Cipher
rc5 rc5-cbc rc5-cfb rc5-ecb rc5-ofb
RC5 Cipher
PASSWORD PHRASE ARGUMENTS
Several commands accept password arguments, typically using the -passin and
the -passout options for input and output passwords respectively. These
allow the password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these
options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no
password argument is given and a password is required then the user is
prompted to enter one. This will typically be read from the current
terminal with echoing turned off.
pass:password
The actual password is password. Since the password is visible to
utilities (such as ps under UNIX), this form should only be used
where security is not important.
env:var Obtains the password from the environment variable var. Since the
environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms
(e.g. ps under certain UNIX operating systems), this option should
be used with caution.
file:pathname
The first line of pathname is the password. If the same pathname
argument is supplied to -passin and -passout arguments then the
first line will be used for the input password and the next line
for the output password. The pathname need not refer to a regular
file. It could, for example, refer to a device or named pipe.
fd:number
Reads the password from the file descriptor number. This can be
used, for example, to send the data via a pipe.
stdin Reads the password from standard input.
DESCRIPTION
OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer
(SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and
related cryptography standards required by them.
The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various
cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library from the shell. It can
be used for the following:
· Creation of RSA, DH and DSA key parameters
· Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
· Calculation of Message Digests
· Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
· SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
· Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
HISTORY
The openssl(1ssl) document appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2. The list-XXX-commands
pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 0.9.3. The no-XXX pseudo-commands
were added in OpenSSL 0.9.5a. For notes on the availability of other
commands, see their individual manual pages.
SEE ALSO
Commands: asn1parse(1ssl), ca(1ssl), crl(1ssl), crl2pkcs7(1ssl),
dgst(1ssl), dhparam(1ssl), dsa(1ssl), dsaparam(1ssl), enc(1sl),
gendsa(1ssl), genrsa(1ssl), nseq(1ssl), openssl(1ssl), passwd(1ssl),
pkcs12(1ssl), pkcs7(1ssl), pkcs8(1ssl), rand(1ssl), req(1ssl), rsa(1ssl),
rsautl(1ssl), s_client(1ssl), s_server(1ssl), smime(1ssl), spkac(1ssl),
verify(1ssl), version(1ssl), x509(1ssl)
Functions: crypto(3), ssl(3)
Others: config(5)
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