Select how you want your file to be organized. The options are:
If you are going to be sorting and/or extracting data from the RMS file you are creating, the indexed file organization is more efficient than the sequential organization. This is especially true if you have large files.
An indexed file contains one or more indexed key fields which allow programs to locate and access file data very quickly without having to read through the file to locate records.
A sequential file has no key fields and accessing file data can be very slow and time consuming. Locating data in a sequential file requires reading every record in the file to find all occurrences of the data.
If you select Indexed file organization, you will be asked for the key fields in later prompts.
Enter the record size that you want for this data file.
The default record size is 25% larger than the actual length of the fields defined. This allows room for adding new fields to the record without having to expand the record size.
The legal record sizes depend on the database engine (file management system) you use. For RMS, sizes range from 1 to approximately 32000.
Note
Depending on the database engine and file organization, SETUP might ask for additional information.
If no additional information is required to create this data file, you can enter "Y"es at the Proceed with file creation prompt and your data file will be created using the appropriate database engine.
Select the field from the list of defined fields, that you want to use as the primary key field. The first field is the default.
RMS indexed files require at least one key field, the primary key field.
You can refer back to the "DEFINE Procedure" section for information on key fields.
SETUP V4.2 Creating RMS data file: CUSTOMER.DAT File organization: INDEXED Recordsize : 181 Primary key : Key 2 : +Primary Key Field Name+ Key 3 : | CUSTNBR | Key 4 : | NAME | Key 5 : | ADDR1 | Key 6 : | ADDRESS | Key 7 : | ADDR2 | Key 8 : | CITY | Key 9 : | STATE | Key 10 : | ZIP | | BALANCE | | CONTACT | | PHONE | |----------------------| | EXIT | +----------------------+ EXIT = Exit \ = Back HELP = Help
You can control whether the data to be stored in the RMS key field will be unique (only one occurrence of the data in the key field) or allow duplicates (multiple occurrences of the data in the key field).
Data access works most efficiently with unique key fields.
Normally, the PRIMARY key field is set up to allow only unique data in the field (i.e. NO duplicates) and the other key fields (ALTERNATE key fields) can be unique or not.
If you want more than one key field, select the fields you want to use as ALTERNATE key fields. Selecting All keys defined ends key field selection.
You will be asked if you want to proceed with file creation. Enter Y to create the data file.
After the file has been created, you will be returned to the SETUP procedures menu.
16.8 Defining COBOL Record Fields
The TTI_RUN:COBOL_DEF.INT program allows COBOL users to define COBOL record fields. This program processes a text file that contains a COBOL record definition statement and creates an INTOUCH data dictionary (definition file).
The program expects the text file to contain a single COBOL record definition statement. The file must be in one of the following formats:
The file name or file specification that is to be defined can be up to 63 characters in length if the screen margin is set at 80. If the margin is set to 132, 115 characters are allowed.
Here is an example of how to use the TTI_RUN:COBOL_DEF program. This example shows the input file and the created file.
The sample text file COBOL_TEST.RECORD contains the following record definition statement:
01 test_rec.
05 code pic x.
05 desc pic x(20).
05 amount pic s9(5)v99 comp.
05 tbl occurs 3 times.
10 tbl-code pic x(5).
10 tbl-desc pic x(25).
To run the program, enter the following at the "$" prompt:
$ INTOUCH/SOURCE TTI_RUN:COBOL_DEF
The program screen will be displayed:
COBOL_DEF V4.2 Create INTOUCH Definition from COBOL Definition COBOL copy-lib: ANSI format : COBOL copy-lib? _______________________________________________________________ EXIT = Exit \ = Back HELP = Help
At the "COBOL copy-lib?" prompt, enter the file name. In this example, the file name is COBOL_TEST.RECORD.
At the "Is file in ANSI format (Y/N)? NO:_,_" prompt, press the Return key to take the "NO" default because the COBOL_TEST.RECORD file is not in ANSI format, it is in TERMINAL format.
To proceed, enter "Y" at the "Proceed with definition creation (Y/N)?" prompt.
The program processes the COBOL_TEST.RECORD file and creates the COBOL_TEST.DEF file.
You are returned to the "COBOL copy-lib?" prompt. Enter EXIT to exit the program.
To see what the COBOL_TEST.DEF file looks like, you can:
The following definition listing is created:
11-Apr-1995 Definitions for: COBOL_TEST.DEF Page: 1
Field Name Description First Length Occurs Last Dtype Print Mask
---------------- ---------------- ----- ------ ------ ----- ----- ----------
TEST_REC Test rec 1 115 1 115 CH none
Semantics : UC
CODE Code 1 1 1 1 CH none
Semantics : UC
DESC Desc 2 20 1 21 CH none
Semantics : UC
AMOUNT Amount 22 4 1 25 IN none
Semantics : NUM:2, RJ, ZF
TBL_A1 Tbl a1 26 30 1 55 CH none
Semantics : NUM, RJ, ZF
TBL_CODE_A1 Tbl code a1 26 5 1 30 CH none
Semantics : UC
TBL_DESC_A1 Tbl desc a1 31 25 1 55 CH none
Semantics : UC
TBL_A2 Tbl a2 56 30 1 85 CH none
Semantics : NUM, RJ, ZF
TBL_CODE_A2 Tbl code a2 56 5 1 60 CH none
Semantics : UC
TBL_DESC_A2 Tbl desc a2 61 25 1 85 CH none
Semantics : UC
TBL_A3 Tbl a3 86 30 1 115 CH none
Semantics : NUM, RJ, ZF
TBL_CODE_A3 Tbl code a3 86 5 1 90 CH none
Semantics : UC
TBL_DESC_A3 Tbl desc a3 91 25 1 115 CH none
Semantics : UC
Every file has a file specification. The file specification is used to
access the file. In INTOUCH, a legal file specification looks like this:
node::device:[directory]filename.ext;version
When you use a file name in an INTOUCH statement or command, it must be
given as a string expression. If the file name is given as a constant, it
must be enclosed in quotes. For example:
OLD 'ACCOUNT'
You can specify any legal OpenVMS file specification with INTOUCH. Simply name the file according to the rules described in the Command Language and DCL User's Guide of the OpenVMS documentation set.
Note
The default extension for INTOUCH programs is .INT. The default for include files is .INC.
INTOUCH has numerous built-in functions. This appendix describes the system and other built-in functions.
The following functions return information about the system and user actions:
Returns a TRUE or FALSE value. TRUE if the backslash key was pressed at the last prompt.
Returns the next available channel number.
10 out_ch = _CHANNEL
OPEN #out_ch: NAME 'sys$scratch:test.lis'
PRINT #out_ch: 'This is a test'
CLOSE #out_ch
20 END
Returns a TRUE or FALSE value. TRUE if DEBUG is on. FALSE if DEBUG is off.
Returns a TRUE or FALSE value. TRUE if EXIT was entered at the last prompt.
Tells how many records were extracted in the last extract.
10 OPEN STRUCTURE cl: NAME 'tti_run:client'
20 EXTRACT STRUCTURE cl
30 INCLUDE cl(state) = 'CA'
40 END EXTRACT
50 PRINT 'Number of California clients:'; _EXTRACTED
60 END
Returns a TRUE or FALSE value. TRUE if HELP or a question mark (?) was entered or the Help key is pressed at the last prompt.
Sometimes when the user does a CALL, an integer value is returned as a result of the CALL. _INTEGER returns any resulting integer data.
10 LIBRARY 'LIBRTL'
20 CALL LIB$ICHAR('Q')
30 PRINT 'The integer value of "Q" is: '; _INTEGER
40 END
Some routines return a real value as the result of the CALL. The _REAL function returns any resulting real data.
10 LIBRARY 'MTHRTL'
20 CALL MTH$ALOG(45.3)
30 PRINT 'The log is:'; _REAL
40 END
Returns the user's reply to the last prompt. The reply is returned as a string.
Returns the value given to INTOUCH by the operating system, for the last operating system request. This function is useful when debugging system level errors. The _STATUS function is often used with the SYSTEXT$ function.
Upon the completion of an INPUT MENU statement, the concept _STRING contains the menu path taken by the user when selecting the menu item. (i.e. "#2;#3" means the 3rd item of the 2nd submenu.)
The _TERMINATOR function returns the name of the key that terminated the last INPUT statement. The values returned are:
| UP | Up arrow | |
| DOWN | Down arrow | |
| RETURN | Return | |
| FIND | Find (find line, word) | |
| INS | Insert | |
| SEL | Select | |
| PREV | Prev Screen | |
| NEXT | Next Screen | |
| REM | Remove | |
| HELP | Help | |
| DO | Do |
PF1, PF2, PF3, PF4
KPO, KP1, KP2, KP3, KP4, KP5, KP6, KP7, KP8, KP9, MIN, COM, ENT, PER
F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, HELP, DO, F17, F18, F19, F20
The other non-system functions are:
ABS returns the absolute value of a specified numeric expression.
ACOS(x) returns the angle whose COS is x. The angle is returned in radians.
Given X and Y coordinates, returns the angle from 0,0. The angle is returned in radians.
The ASCII function returns the decimal ASCII value of a string's first character. It is returned as an integer.
ASIN(x) returns the angle whose SIN is x. The angle is returned in radians.
ATN returns the angle, in radians, of a specified tangent.
CEIL(x) returns the ceiling of x. That is, the smallest integer that is not less than x.
CHANGE$ changes specified characters in str_expr1. Str_expr1 is the source string. Str_expr2 contains the target characters, and str_expr3 specifies the substitution characters. CHANGE$ returns the changed string.
CHANGE$ searches for the target characters within the source string and replaces these characters with the substitution characters. The substitution characters are mapped onto the target characters.
10 LET a$ = 'bdbdbdbd'
20 LET b$ = 'b'
30 LET c$ = 'c'
40 LET changed$ = CHANGE$(a$, b$, c$)
50 PRINT a$
60 PRINT changed$
70 END
RNH
bdbdbdbd
cdcdcdcd
Returns the character set specified. The optional string expression can be used to specify the character set to return. The available character sets are:
| UCASE | all upper-case letters (A-Z) | |
| LCASE | all lower-case letters (a-z) | |
| CONTROL | all control characters (ASCII 0-31) | |
| ASCII | the ASCII character set, in order (0-255) |
ASCII is the default character set for CHARSET$.
10 LINE INPUT 'Enter your text': text$
20 ! Change upper-case to lower-case
ct$ = CHANGE$(text$, &
CHARSET$('UCASE'), &
CHARSET$('LCASE'))
PRINT 'Lower-case version is:'; ct$
30 END
CHR$ returns a string with the specified ASCII value (int_expr1) repeated the specified number of times (int_expr2). If no count is specified, a default count of one is used.
Given a string containing a mapped integer, this function returns the integer value.
10 a$ = 'AB'
b = CONVERT(a$)
20 END
RNH
16961
Given an integer (int_expr1) and an optional length (int_expr2), which defaults to four, this function returns a string mapping of the integer.
If the optional data type (int_expr3) is 17, the returned string will be a packed floating (PF).
The following data types are supported:
| Data Type | Conversion Result |
|---|---|
| 1 | Integer (2 or 4 byte) |
| 7 | COBOL comp-3 (C3 packed decimal) |
| 17 | Packed floating (PF) |
10 a$ = CONVERT$(16961)
PRINT a$
20 END
RNH
AB
The CONVERT and CONVERT$ functions can be used in situations such as building segmented keys consisting of multiple data types.
The COMPARE function compares two strings and returns a numeric value ranging from 0 (no match) to 100 (an exact match).
10 options$ = 'LEFT,RIGHT,UP,DOWN'
best = 0
best$ = ''
INPUT 'Enter an option': usr_opt$
20 FOR idx = 1 TO ELEMENTS(options$)
opt$ = ELEMENT$(options$, idx)
score = COMPARE(opt$, usr_opt$)
IF score > best THEN
best = score
best$ = opt$
END IF
NEXT idx
30 SELECT CASE best
CASE 0
PRINT 'Unknown option: '; usr_opt$
CASE 100
PRINT 'Option okay, it was: '; usr_opt$
CASE ELSE
PRINT 'Misspelled option: '; usr_opt$
PRINT USING 'Did you mean ? (## percent)': best$, best
END SELECT
40 END
RNH
Enter an option? dwn
Misspelled option: dwn
Did you mean DOWN (92 percent)
COS returns the cosine of an angle the user specifies in radians.
COSH returns the hyperbolic cosine of a passed real number.
COT(X) is equivalent to 1/TAN(X).
CPAD$ returns a new string, padded on the left and on the right with pad characters. Text_str is the string to be centered, size is the size of the new string. The default pad character is a space.
10 PRINT CPAD$('123', 9, '0')
20 END
RNH
000123000
CSC(x) is the cosecant of X. It is shorthand for 1/SIN(x).
Returns today's date in YYDDD format.
The DATE$ function returns the date in image format. Int_expr1 is a given Julian day number, the default is today's date. Int_expr2 indicates the desired output format for the date. The Julian day---the number of days since January 1, 1600.
| Value (int_expr2) | Output Date Format |
|---|---|
| 0 | YYYYMMDD format |
| 1 | MMDDYYYY format |
| 2 | DDMMYYYY format |
| 3 | dd-Mon-yyyy format |
| 4 | Month dd, yyyy format |
PRINT DATE$(123456) gives you
19380104
| | |
year mo day
PRINT DATE$ gives today's date
19910417
| | |
year mo day
PRINT DATE$(123456,1) gives you
01041938
| | |
mo day year
PRINT DATE$(123456,2) gives you
04011938
| | |
day mo year
PRINT DATE$(123456,3) gives you
04-Jan-1938
PRINT DATE$(123456,4) gives you
January 4, 1938
To print today's date in a suitable format for a letter heading, you can use:
PRINT DATE$(DAYS(DATE$),4) gives you
April 17, 1995
Given a date in CCYYMMDD or YYMMDD format, returns the number of days since January 1, 1600 (this date is day 1). This number is called the Julian day.
10 PRINT DAYS('19930403')
20 PRINT DAYS('930403')
30 END
RNH
143634
143634
Int_num indicates the desired input format for the date. The default input format is zero. If the century is not included, it assumes 1900 as the century.
| Value (int_num) | Input Date Format |
|---|---|
| 0 | CCYYMMDD or YYMMDD |
| 1 | MMDDCCYY or MMDDYY |
| 2 | DDMMCCYY or DDMMYY |
| 3 | DD-Mon-CCYY or DD-Mon-YY |
| 4 | Month DD, CCYY |
10 PRINT DAYS('19930403',0)
PRINT DAYS('04031993',1)
PRINT DAYS('03041993',2)
PRINT DAYS('03-Apr-1993',3)
PRINT DAYS('April 3, 1993',4)
20 END
RNH
143634
143634
143634
143634
143634
Given an integer expression specifying the number of days since January 1, 1600, DAY$ returns the day of the week. If no integer expression is given, DAY$ returns the day of the week for today's date. The day is returned as a string expression (Friday, Saturday, etc.).
Given the string representation of a number and the base that the value is in (int_expr), INTOUCH returns the value in base 10. The number is returned as a real number.