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acct(8)
NAME
acct, chargefee, ckpacct, dodisk, lastlogin, monacct, nulladm, prctmp,
prdaily, prtacct, remove, shutacct, startup, turnacct - Provide accounting
commands for shell scripts
SYNOPSIS
chargefee User Number
ckpacct [BlockSize]
dodisk [-o] [File...]
lastlogin
monacct [Number]
nulladm [File...]
prctmp File...
prdaily [[-l] [mmdd]] | [-c]
prtacct [-f Specification] [-v] File ['Heading']
remove
shutacct ['Reason']
startup
turnacct on | off | switch
DESCRIPTION
There are a number of commands in the /usr/sbin/acct directory that, along
with other accounting commands, enable you to produce a wide range of
system accounting records and files. For example, the runacct script
invokes some accounting commands and enables you to produce daily
accounting records and files. Some of the commands in the acct directory
are invoked when active accounting files become too large, and other
commands can be used by a system administrator to perform periodic
accounting operations.
Daily and monthly accounting reports can be produced by specifying commands
in the /usr/var/spool/cron/crontabs directory, which are processed by the
cron daemon. These accounting reports consist of a collection of records
that are produced at the end of any process and on a daily and monthly
periodic basis.
You can specify a prime-time period for any 24-hour weekday. Prime-time
hours are those contiguous hours of a weekday for which premium fees might
be charged for resource use. Nonprime-time hours are those contiguous hours
that are not defined as prime time. Nonprime time also includes weekends
and any holidays listed in the file /usr/sbin/acct/holidays.
When you set up accounting, you can include entries in the
/usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm file to run the following accounting commands:
ckpacct
The ckpacct command checks the size of the /var/adm/pacct process
accounting files.
runacct
The runacct command includes other accounting shell scripts and
commands and creates daily and monthly accounting files.
monacct
The monacct command produces monthly summary accounting files in the
/var/adm/acct/fiscal accounting subdirectory from the daily accounting
files.
In addition, you can include the dodisk command in the
/usr/spool/cron/crontabs/root file. The dodisk command creates disk usage
accounting records.
The accounting commands are as follows:
chargefee User Number
The chargefee command is used by the system administrator to charge the
number of units specified by the Number operand to the login name
specified by the User operand. The Number value may be an integer or a
decimal value. The chargefee command writes a record to the
/var/adm/fee file. This information is then merged with other
accounting records with the acctmerg command to create a daily
/var/adm/fee report.
The chargefee command uses the printpw command to get the list of all
users stored in the password database.
ckpacct [BlockSize]
The ckpacct command is used to check the size of the active process
accounting file, /var/adm/pacct. Normally, the cron daemon processes
this command from the crontabs file. When the size of the active data
files exceeds the number of blocks specified by the BlockSize operand,
the ckpacct command is used to invoke the turnacct switch command to
turn off process accounting. The default value for the BlockSize
operand is 500.
When the number of free disk blocks in the var file system falls below
500, the ckpacct command is used to inhibit process accounting by
invoking the turnacct off command. When at least 500 free disk blocks
are again available, account processing is reactivated. This feature is
sensitive to how frequently ckpacct is run.
When the environment variable MAILCOM is set to mail root adm, a mail
message is sent to the super-user (root) and to adm in case of an
error.
dodisk [-o] [File ....]
The dodisk command initiates disk-usage accounting by calling the
diskusg command and the acctdisk command.
When you specify the -o option with the dodisk command, a more thorough
but slower version of disk accounting by login directory is initiated
with the acctdusg command. Normally, the cron daemon runs the dodisk
command. The following option may be used with the dodisk command:
-o Calls the acctdusg command instead of the diskusg command to initiate
disk accounting by login directory.
By default, the dodisk command does disk accounting on special files
recorded in the <filename> /etc/fstab</filename> file. But when you
specify file names with the File operand, disk accounting is done on
only those files.
When you do not specify the -o option, the File operand should specify
special file names of mountable file systems. When you specify both -o
and one or more File(s), File(s) should specify mount points of mounted
file systems.
lastlogin
The lastlogin command updates the /var/adm/acct/sum/loginlog file to
show the last date each user logged in. Normally, the runacct
procedure, running under the cron daemon, calls this command and adds
the information to the daily report; however, the lastlogin command can
also be entered by the system administrator. The lastlogin command
uses the printpw command to get a list of all users whose name and user
ID are stored in the password database file.
monacct [Number]
The monacct command collects daily or other periodic accounting records
into summary files in the /var/adm/acct/fiscal subdirectory. After
monthly summary files are produced, monacct removes the old accounting
files from the /var/adm/acct/sum subdirectory and replaces them with
the newly created summary files. The cron daemon should run this
command once each month on the first day of the following month or some
other specified day after all the dailies have been produced. (The
monacct example shows how to enter this command for the cron daemon.)
The Number operand is a numerical value in the range 1 < n < 12 (where
n is the month) that indicates the month for which daily files are
processed. The default value used for the Number operand is the current
month. The monacct command stores the newly created summary files in
the /var/adm/acct/fiscal subdirectory and restarts new summary files in
/var/adm/acct/sum, the cumulative summaries to which daily record
summaries are appended.
nulladm [File ....]
The nulladm command creates the file specified in the File operand,
gives read (r) and write (w) permissions to the file owner and group,
read (r) permission to other users, and ensures that the file owner and
group is adm. Various accounting shell procedures invoke the nulladm
command. The system administrator uses this command to set up active
data files, such as the /var/adm/wtmp file.
prctmp File ....
The system administrator may use the prctmp command to output the
session record file specified by File and created by the acctcon1
command (this is normally the /var/adm/acct/nite/ctmp file).
prdaily [[-l] [mmdd]] | [-c]
The prdaily command is invoked from the runacct shell procedure to
format an ASCII file of the accounting data of the previous day. The
records making up this file are located in the
/var/adm/acct/sum/rprtmmdd files, where mmdd is the month and day for
which the file is produced. Use the mmdd operand to specify a date
other than the current day. The following options may be used with the
prdaily command:
-c Reports exceptional resource usage by command. May be used only on
accounting records for the current day.
-l [mmdd]
Reports exceptional usage by login ID for the specified date.
prtacct [-f Specification] [-v] File ['Heading']
The prtacct command formats and displays any total accounting file
specified by the File operand; records for these files are defined by a
type tacct structure in the tacct.h include file. You can enter the
prtacct command to output any tacct file to the default output device.
For example, you may output a daily report keyed to connect time, to
process time, to disk usage, and to printer usage. To specify a title
for the report, specify a name for the Heading operand with enclosed
single or double quotes. The following options may be used with the
prtacct command:
-f Specification
Selects type tacct structure members to be output, using the
structure-member selection mechanism specified for the acctmerg
command.
-v Produces verbose output in which more precise notation is used for
floating-point numbers.
Heading
Specifies a heading for report members.
The type tacct structure defines a total accounting record format,
parts of which are used by various accounting commands. Members of the
type tacct structure whose data types are specified as an array of two
double elements have both prime-time and nonprime-time values. The type
tacct structure has the following members.
uid_t ta_uid
User ID.
char ta_name[NSZ]
A field for the login name with the same number of characters NSZ as
the ut_user member of the utmp structure.
double ta_cpu[2]
Cumulative CPU time in minutes.
double ta_kcore[2]
Cumulative K-core time in minutes.
double ta_io[2]
Cumulative number of characters transferred in blocks of 512 bytes.
double ta_rw[2]
Cumulative number of blocks read and written.
double ta_con[2]
Cumulative connect time in minutes.
double ta_du
Cumulative disk-usage time in minutes.
long ta_qsys
Queuing system (printer) fee in number of pages.
double ta_fee
Special services fee expressed in units.
long ta_pc
A count of the number of processes.
unsigned short ta_sc
A count of the number of login sessions.
unsigned short ta_dc
A count of the number of disk samples.
remove
The remove command deletes all<filename>
/var/adm/acct/sum/wtmp*</filename>, /var/adm/acct/sum/pacct*, and
/var/adm/acct/nite/lock* files as part of the daily cleanup procedure
called by the runacct command.
shutacct ['Reason']
The shutacct command turns process accounting off and adds a 'Reason'
record to the /var/adm/wtmp file. This command is usually invoked
during a system shutdown.
startup
The startup command turns on the accounting functions and adds a reason
record to the /var/adm/wtmp file. Usually the startup command is
invoked by the /sbin/init.d/acct script when the system is started up.
turnacct on | off | switch
The turnacct command provides an interface to the accton command to
turn process accounting on or off, or to create a new /var/adm/pacctn
process accounting file. This command can be executed only by a
superuser or by the adm login name. Only one of the arguments on, off,
or switch may be used:
on Turns process accounting on.
off Turns process accounting off.
switch
The switch option is used to create a new /var/adm/pacctn file when the
current /var/adm/pacctn file is too large. The suffix n (where n is a
positive integer) indicates the previous active /var/adm/pacctn file.
After the currently active /var/adm/pacctn file is renamed, a new
active /var/adm/pacct file is created and process accounting is
restarted.
This command is usually called by the ckpacct command, running under
the cron daemon, to keep the active pacct data file down to a
manageable size.
NOTES
You should not share accounting files among nodes in a distributed
environment. Each node should have its own copy of the various accounting
files.
When you are also using the sa command, sa does not know whether
information is stored in the incremental /var/adm/pacctn file or in any
other /var/adm/pacctn summary file by the acct/* commands (see the turnacct
command).
EXAMPLES
1. To charge smith for 10 units of work on a financial report, enter:
/usr/sbin/acct/chargefee smith 10
A record is created in the /var/adm/fee file, which the acctmerg
command is subsequently instructed to merge with records in other
accounting files to produce the daily report.
2. To check the size of a /var/adm/pacctn summary accounting file, add
the following instruction to the /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm file:
5 * * * * /usr/sbin/acct/ckpacct
This example shows another instruction that the cron daemon reads and
acts upon when it is included in the /usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm
shell script file. The ckpacct command is set to run at 5 minutes
past every hour (5 *) every day. This command is only one of many
accounting instructions normally passed to the cron daemon from the
/usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm shell script file. See the System
Administration manual for details.
3. To initiate disk-usage accounting, add the following to the
/usr/spool/cron/crontabs/root file:
0 2 * * 4 /usr/sbin/acct/dodisk
This example illustrates a shell script instruction that the cron
daemon reads and then processes. The dodisk command runs at 2 a.m. (0
2) each Thursday (4). This command is one of many accounting
instructions normally passed to the cron daemon from a
/usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm shell script file. See the System
Administration manual for details.
4. To produce a monthly accounting report, at the beginning of each
month, add the following instruction to the
/usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm file:
15 5 1 * * /usr/sbin/acct/monacct
This example is an instruction that the cron daemon reads and then
processes. The monacct command runs at 5:15 (15 5) the first day of
each month (1). This command is only one of many accounting
instructions normally passed to the cron daemon from the
/usr/spool/cron/crontabs/adm shell script file. See the System
Administration manual for details.
5. To turn on the accounting functions when the system is started up, add
the following to the /etc/rc.config file:
ACCOUNTING="YES"
To set the variable, use the following rcmgr command:
rcmgr set ACCOUNTING YES
The startup shell procedure records the time and cleans up the records
produced the previous day.
FILES
/usr/sbin/acct/*
Specifies the command path.
/usr/include/sys/acct.h, /usr/include/utmp.h
Header files defining structures used to organize accounting
information.
/var/adm/fee
Accumulates the fees charged to each login name.
/var/adm/pacct
Current database file for process accounting information.
/var/adm/pacctn
Another process accounting database file, which is produced when the
/var/adm/pacct file gets too large.
/var/adm/wtmp
Login/logout database file.
/usr/sbin/acct/ptelus.awk
Shell procedure that calculates limits for exceptional usage by the
login ID.
/usr/sbin/acct/ptecms.awk
Shell procedure that calculates limits of exceptional usage by command
name.
/var/adm/acct/nite
Working directory that contains daily accounting database files.
/etc/fstab
Contains information about file systems.
/var/adm/acct/sum
Working subdirectory that contains accounting summary database files.
SEE ALSO
Commands: acctcms(8), acctcom(8), acctcon(8), acctmerg(8), acctprc(8),
cron(8), fwtmp(8), printpw(8), runacct(8), rcmgr(8), wtmpconvert(8)
Functions: acct(2)
System Administration
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