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connect(2)
NAME
connect - Connect two sockets
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/socket.h>
int connect(
int socket,
const struct sockaddr *address,
socklen_t address_len );
[XNS4.0] The definition of the connect() function in XNS4.0 uses a size_t
data type instead of a socklen_t data type as specified in XNS5.0 (the
previous definition).
[Tru64 UNIX] The following definition of the connect() function does not
conform to current standards and is supported only for backward
compatibility (see standards(5) ).
int connect(
int socket,
struct sockaddr *address,
int address_len );
STANDARDS
Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards
as follows:
connect(): XNS4.0, XNS5.0
Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about
industry standards and associated tags.
PARAMETERS
socket
Specifies a file descriptor for the socket.
address
Points to a sockaddr structure, the format of which is determined by
the domain and by the behavior requested for the socket. The sockaddr
structure is an overlay for a sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, sockaddr_in6,
or sockaddr_storage structure, depending on which of the supported
address families is active.
[Tru64 UNIX] If the compile-time option _SOCKADDR_LEN is defined
before the sys/socket.h header file is included, the sockaddr structure
takes 4.4BSD behavior, with a field for specifying the length of the
socket address. Otherwise, the default 4.3BSD sockaddr structure is
used, with the length of the socket address assumed to be 14 bytes or
less.
If _SOCKADDR_LEN is defined, the 4.3BSD sockaddr structure is defined
with the name osockaddr.
address_len
Specifies the length of the sockaddr structure pointed to by the
address parameter.
DESCRIPTION
The connect() function requests a connection between two sockets. The
kernel sets up the communications links between the sockets; both sockets
must use the same address format and protocol.
The connect() function performs a different action for each of the
following types of initiating sockets:
· If the initiating socket is SOCK_DGRAM, the connect() function
establishes the peer address. The peer address identifies the socket
where all datagrams are sent on subsequent send() functions. It also
identifies the socket from where datagrams can be received; datagrams
from other peer addresses are not delivered. If address is a null
address for the protocol, the socket's peer address is reset.
No connections are made by this connect() function.
· If the initiating socket is SOCK_STREAM, the connect() function
attempts to make a connection to the socket specified by the address
parameter. Each communication space interprets the address parameter
differently.
If the function fails for a connection mode socket, applications should use
the close() function to deallocate the socket and descriptor. If
attempting to reinitiate the connection, applications should create a new
socket.
If the connection cannot be established immediately, one of the following
occurs:
· If the socket file descriptor is marked non-blocking, the connect()
function fails and sets errno to [EINPROGRESS]. However, the
connection request is not aborted; the connection will be established
asynchronously. If you make a call to connect() for the same socket
before the connection is established, the function fails and sets
errno to [EALREADY].
· If the socket file descriptor is marked blocking, the connect()
function blocks for an unspecified amount of time until the connection
is established. If the timeout interval expires before the connection
is established, the function fails and aborts the connection attempt.
While blocked, if connect() is interrupted by a signal, it fails and
sets errno to [EINTR]. However, the connection request is not aborted;
the connection is established asynchronously.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, the connect() function returns a value of 0
(zero). Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate
the error.
ERRORS
If the connect() function fails, errno may be set to one of the following
values:
[EACCES]
Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix; or
write access to the named socket is denied.
[XNS4.0] This error applies to AF_UNIX sockets only.
[EADDRINUSE]
The specified address is already in use.
[EADDRNOTAVAIL]
The specified address is not available from the local machine.
[EAFNOSUPPORT]
The addresses in the specified address family cannot be used with this
socket.
[EALREADY]
A connection request is already in progress for the specified socket.
[EBADF]
The socket parameter is not valid.
[ECONNREFUSED]
The attempt to connect was rejected.
[ECONNRESET]
The remote host reset the connection request.
[EFAULT]
The address parameter is not in a readable part of the user address
space.
[EHOSTUNREACH]
The specified host is not reachable.
[EINPROGRESS]
O_NONBLOCK is set for the file descriptor for the socket and the
connection cannot be immediately established; the connection will be
established asynchronously.
[EINTR]
The connect() function was interrupted by a signal while waiting for
the connection to be established. The connection establishment may
continue asynchronously.
[EINVAL]
The value of the address_len parameter is invalid for the specified
address family; or the sa_family field in the socket address structure
is invalid for the protocol.
[EIO]
For an AF_UNIX socket, an I/O error occurred while reading from or
writing to the file system.
[EISCONN]
The socket is already connected.
[ELOOP]
For an AF_UNIX socket, too many symbolic links were encountered in
translating the pathname in address.
[ENAMETOOLONG]
A component of the pathname exceeded NAME_MAX characters, or an entire
pathname exceeded PATH_MAX characters.
[ENETDOWN]
The local network connection is not operational.
[ENETUNREACH]
No route to the network or host is present.
[ENOBUFS]
Insufficient resources are available in the system to complete the
call.
[ENOENT]
For an AF_UNIX socket, a component of the pathname does not name an
existing file or the pathname is an empty string.
[ENOSR]
The available STREAMS resources were insufficient for the operation to
complete.
[ENOTDIR]
For an AF_UNIX socket, a component of the path prefix of the pathname
in address is not a directory.
[ENOTSOCK]
The socket parameter refers to a file, not a socket.
[EOPNOTSUPP]
The socket is listening and cannot be connected.
[EPROTOTYPE]
The specified address has a different type than the socket bound to the
specified peer address.
[ETIMEDOUT]
The establishment of a connection timed out before a connection was
made.
[EWOULDBLOCK]
[Tru64 UNIX] The socket is marked nonblocking, so the connection
cannot be immediately completed. The application program can select
the socket for writing during the connection process.
SEE ALSO
Functions: accept(2), bind(2), socket(2), getsockname(2), select(2),
send(2).
Standards: standards(5).
Network Programmer's Guide
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