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cd(1)
NAME
cd - Changes the current working directory
SYNOPSIS
cd [directory]
Note
The C shell has a built-in version of the cd command. If you are using
the C shell, and want to guarantee that you are using the command
described here, you must specify the full path /usr/bin/cd. See the
csh(1) reference page for a description of the built-in command.
STANDARDS
Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to industry standards
as follows:
cd: XCU5.0
Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information about
industry standards and associated tags.
OPTIONS
None
OPERANDS
directory
The pathname (either full or relative) to be used as the new working
directory.
If (hyphen) is specified as the directory, the cd command changes your
current (working) directory to the directory name saved in the
environment variable OLDPWD.
DESCRIPTION
The cd command moves you from your present directory to another directory.
You must have execute (search) permission in the specified directory.
If you do not specify a directory, cd moves you to your login directory
($HOME in ksh and sh environments, or $home in csh environment). If the
specified directory name is a full pathname, it becomes the current working
directory. A full pathname begins with a / (slash) for the root directory,
with a . (dot) for the current working directory, or with a .. (dot dot)
for the parent directory. If the directory name is not a full pathname, cd
searches for it relative to one of the paths specified by the $CDPATH shell
variable (or $cdpath csh variable). This variable has the same syntax as,
and similar semantics to, the $PATH shell variable (or $path csh variable).
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 The directory was successfully changed.
>0 An error occurred.
EXAMPLES
1. To change to your home directory, enter:
cd
2. To change to a new directory, enter:
cd /usr/include
This changes the current working directory to /usr/include. Now file
pathnames that do not begin with / or ../ specify files located in
/usr/include.
3. To go down one level of the directory tree, enter:
cd sys
If the current working directory is /usr/include and if it contains a
subdirectory named sys, then /usr/include/sys becomes the current
working directory.
4. To go up one level of the directory tree, enter:
cd ..
The special filename .. (dot dot) always refers to the directory
immediately above the current working directory.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables affect the execution of cd:
CDPATH
A colon-separated list of pathnames that refer to directories. If the
directory operand does not begin with a / (slash) character, and the
first component is not . (dot) or .. (dot dot), the cd command will
search for directory relative to each directory named in the CDPATH
variable, in the order listed. The new working directory will be set to
the first matching directory found. An empty string in place of a
directory pathname represents the current directory. If CDPATH is not
set, it will be treated as if it were an empty string.
HOME
The name of the home directory, used when no directory operand is
specified.
LANG
Provides a default value for the internationalization variables that
are unset or null. If LANG is unset or null, the corresponding value
from the default locale is used. If any of the internationalization
variables contain an invalid setting, the utility behaves as if none of
the variables had been defined.
LC_ALL
If set to a non-empty string value, overrides the values of all the
other internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE
Determines the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of
text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to
multibyte characters in arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determines the locale for the format and contents of diagnostic
messages written to standard error.
NLSPATH
Determines the location of message catalogues for the processing of
LC_MESSAGES.
OLDPWD
A pathname of the previous working directory, used by the cd - form of
the command. The cd command sets this variable to your current working
directory before changing to a new current directory.
PWD A pathname of the current working directory, set by the cd command
after it has changed to that directory.
SEE ALSO
Commands: csh(1), ksh(1), pwd(1), Bourne shell sh(1b), POSIX shell sh(1p)
Functions: chdir(2)
Environment: environ(5)
Standards: standards(5)
 |
Index for Section 1 |
|
 |
Alphabetical listing for C |
|
 |
Top of page |
|